Mode

A scale obtained by starting on a different degree of a major scale.

A mode is a seven-note scale obtained by starting on a different degree of a major scale. The seven modes (Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian) each have their own sonic colour. Dorian and Mixolydian are widely used in rock and blues; Phrygian is iconic in flamenco; Aeolian corresponds to the natural minor scale. Knowing the modes opens up improvisation beyond simple major/minor alternation.